Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone) is globally threatened birds of Nepal which found in the low land of Nepal. The research was concentration in Rupandehi and Kapilvastu district west central region of Nepal. The main aim of this project is to assess the status and population of Sarus Crane and provide management prescription to ensure long-term survival in its natural habitat. The direct observation in every potential habitat was used to count the population of Sarus Crane in the study area. Questionnaire survey was also carried out with surrounding area’s people of the potential habitat of Sarus Crane. In Rupandehi district, distribution of Sarus Crane is high in Surrounding of Lumbini area; Jogada VDC, Masina VDC, Marcharbar site, and Kamariya VDC. Sarus Crane population is distributed western part of district up to Kapilvastu district as well as eastern part of district up to Nawalparasi district therefore, as Rupandehi district is central district where Sarus Crane population concentration is high as compare to other part of Nepal. Adjoining area between Rupandehi and Kapilvastu and Marchawar site is one of the most potential habitats of the Sarus Crane. Total 168 population of Sarus Crane were counted, out of them 100 numbers of Sarus Crane found in Rupandehi district and 68 number of Sarus Crane found in Kapilvastu district. The density of Sarus Crane in Rupandehi district is 0.115 Crane/ km2, while Population density of Sarus Crane in Kapilvastu district is .0725 Crane/ km2. Population of Sarus Crane is decline since few years. Chicken survival % in Rupandehi district is 24%, while the Kapilvastu district is 22.02%. 70% Sarus Crane are using farmland and only 30% Sarus Crane are using wetland of the study area. Current threats of Sarus Crane population are habitat loss and degradation, high electrical cable line, Sugar Cane cultivation, Dam and cementation in water canal, Pollution/insecticide, pesticide, chemical fertilizer, environmental contamination and other anthropogenic causes. There is lack of awareness regarding this species as well as wetland conservation. Activities like killing of Adult Sarus Crane and stealing of eggs of Sarus Crane is high in Muslim Society as compare to Hindu Society.
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